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      <p class="mytitle">Wordcloud</p>
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        <a href="#definition">definition</a> - <a href="#mistake">mistake</a> -
        <a href="#related">related</a> -
        <a href="#code">code</a>
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<div id="definition" class="section level1">
<h1>Definition</h1>
<hr />
<p>A <code>word cloud</code> (also called tag cloud or weighted list) is
a visual representation of text data. Words are usually single words,
and the importance of each is shown with font size or color.</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>Here is an example showing the most frequent words used by <a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekfeu">Nekfeu</a>, a famous french
raper, in a few of his songs. You can read more about this story <a
href="https://www.data-to-viz.com/story/SeveralIndepLists.html">here</a>.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Libraries</span></span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse)</span>
<span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(hrbrthemes)</span>
<span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tm)</span>
<span id="cb1-5"><a href="#cb1-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(proustr)</span>
<span id="cb1-6"><a href="#cb1-6" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-7"><a href="#cb1-7" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Load dataset from github</span></span>
<span id="cb1-8"><a href="#cb1-8" tabindex="-1"></a>data <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">read.table</span>(<span class="st">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/holtzy/data_to_viz/master/Example_dataset/14_SeveralIndepLists.csv&quot;</span>, <span class="at">header=</span><span class="cn">TRUE</span>)</span>
<span id="cb1-9"><a href="#cb1-9" tabindex="-1"></a>to_remove <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">&quot;_|[0-9]|</span><span class="sc">\\</span><span class="st">.|function|^id|script|var|div|null|typeof|opts|if|^r$|undefined|false|loaded|true|settimeout|eval|else|artist&quot;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb1-10"><a href="#cb1-10" tabindex="-1"></a>data <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> data <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(<span class="sc">!</span><span class="fu">grepl</span>(to_remove, word)) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(<span class="sc">!</span>word <span class="sc">%in%</span> <span class="fu">stopwords</span>(<span class="st">&#39;fr&#39;</span>)) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(<span class="sc">!</span>word <span class="sc">%in%</span> <span class="fu">proust_stopwords</span>()<span class="sc">$</span>word)</span>
<span id="cb1-11"><a href="#cb1-11" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-12"><a href="#cb1-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># The wordcloud 2 library is the best option for wordcloud in R</span></span>
<span id="cb1-13"><a href="#cb1-13" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(wordcloud2)</span>
<span id="cb1-14"><a href="#cb1-14" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-15"><a href="#cb1-15" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># prepare a list of word (50 most frequent)</span></span>
<span id="cb1-16"><a href="#cb1-16" tabindex="-1"></a>mywords <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> data <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb1-17"><a href="#cb1-17" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">filter</span>(artist<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">&quot;nekfeu&quot;</span>) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb1-18"><a href="#cb1-18" tabindex="-1"></a>  dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">select</span>(word) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb1-19"><a href="#cb1-19" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">group_by</span>(word) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb1-20"><a href="#cb1-20" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">freq=</span><span class="fu">n</span>()) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb1-21"><a href="#cb1-21" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">arrange</span>(freq) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb1-22"><a href="#cb1-22" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">tail</span>(<span class="dv">30</span>)</span>
<span id="cb1-23"><a href="#cb1-23" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-24"><a href="#cb1-24" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Make the plot</span></span>
<span id="cb1-25"><a href="#cb1-25" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">wordcloud2</span>(mywords,  <span class="at">minRotation =</span> <span class="sc">-</span>pi<span class="sc">/</span><span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="at">maxRotation =</span> <span class="sc">-</span>pi<span class="sc">/</span><span class="dv">2</span>,</span>
<span id="cb1-26"><a href="#cb1-26" tabindex="-1"></a>         <span class="at">backgroundColor =</span> <span class="st">&quot;white&quot;</span>, <span class="at">color=</span><span class="st">&quot;#69b3a2&quot;</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<div class="wordcloud2 html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-c4ff642dc8aa2d1c091c" style="width:768px;height:768px;"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-c4ff642dc8aa2d1c091c">{"x":{"word":["know","vrais","noir","sais","tue","mère","veux","anneaux","ezflaun","planète","tuerait","d'un","homme","ouais","qu'on","saturne","tour","above","complete","faire","lyrics","showads","song","be","calling","i'll","j'ai","c'est","you","nekfeu"],"freq":[5,5,6,6,6,7,7,8,8,8,8,9,9,9,9,9,9,10,10,10,10,10,10,11,11,11,12,14,17,25],"fontFamily":"Segoe UI","fontWeight":"bold","color":"#69b3a2","minSize":0,"weightFactor":7.2,"backgroundColor":"white","gridSize":0,"minRotation":-1.570796326794897,"maxRotation":-1.570796326794897,"shuffle":true,"rotateRatio":0.4,"shape":"circle","ellipticity":0.65,"figBase64":null,"hover":null},"evals":[],"jsHooks":{"render":[{"code":"function(el,x){\n                        console.log(123);\n                        if(!iii){\n                          window.location.reload();\n                          iii = False;\n\n                        }\n  }","data":null}]}}</script>
</div>
<div id="what-for" class="section level1">
<h1>What for</h1>
<hr />
<p>Wordcloud is useful for quickly perceiving the most prominent terms
and for locating a term alphabetically to determine its relative
prominence. It is widely used in media and well understood by the
public.</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>However, it is a highly criticized way to convey information due to
its lack of accuracy. This is due to 2 main reasons:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><a href="http://www.data-to-viz.com/caveat/area_hard.html">Area
is a poor metaphor</a> of a numeric value that is hardly perceived by
human eye. Thus readers struggle to translate word size to an accurate
frequency. (<a
href="http://www.data-to-viz.com/caveat/area_hard.html">read
more</a>)</p></li>
<li><p>Longer words appear bigger by construction, since they are
composed by more letters. It creates a bias that makes wordcloud even
less accurate.</p></li>
</ul>
<p><br></p>
<p>A good workaround is to use <a
href="https://www.data-to-viz.com/graph/barplot.html">barplot</a> or <a
href="https://www.data-to-viz.com/graph/lollipop.html">lollipop</a> plot
instead. Here is an example using the same data as the previous
chart:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># prepare a list of word (30 most frequent)</span></span>
<span id="cb2-2"><a href="#cb2-2" tabindex="-1"></a>data <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb2-3"><a href="#cb2-3" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">filter</span>(artist<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">&quot;nekfeu&quot;</span>) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb2-4"><a href="#cb2-4" tabindex="-1"></a>  dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">select</span>(word) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb2-5"><a href="#cb2-5" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">group_by</span>(word) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb2-6"><a href="#cb2-6" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">freq=</span><span class="fu">n</span>()) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb2-7"><a href="#cb2-7" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">arrange</span>(freq) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb2-8"><a href="#cb2-8" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">tail</span>(<span class="dv">30</span>) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb2-9"><a href="#cb2-9" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">word=</span><span class="fu">factor</span>(word, word)) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb2-10"><a href="#cb2-10" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">ggplot</span>( <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x=</span>word, <span class="at">y=</span>freq) ) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb2-11"><a href="#cb2-11" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">geom_segment</span>( <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x=</span>word ,<span class="at">xend=</span>word, <span class="at">y=</span><span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="at">yend=</span>freq), <span class="at">color=</span><span class="st">&quot;grey&quot;</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb2-12"><a href="#cb2-12" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">size=</span><span class="dv">3</span>, <span class="at">color=</span><span class="st">&quot;#69b3a2&quot;</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb2-13"><a href="#cb2-13" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">coord_flip</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb2-14"><a href="#cb2-14" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">theme_ipsum</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb2-15"><a href="#cb2-15" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">theme</span>(</span>
<span id="cb2-16"><a href="#cb2-16" tabindex="-1"></a>      <span class="at">panel.grid.minor.y =</span> <span class="fu">element_blank</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb2-17"><a href="#cb2-17" tabindex="-1"></a>      <span class="at">panel.grid.major.y =</span> <span class="fu">element_blank</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb2-18"><a href="#cb2-18" tabindex="-1"></a>      <span class="at">legend.position=</span><span class="st">&quot;none&quot;</span></span>
<span id="cb2-19"><a href="#cb2-19" tabindex="-1"></a>    ) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb2-20"><a href="#cb2-20" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="fu">xlab</span>(<span class="st">&quot;&quot;</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<p><img src="wordcloud_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-1.png" width="672" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></p>
</div>
<div id="variation" class="section level1">
<h1>Variation</h1>
<hr />
<p>Many variations exist for wordclouds. Shapes are often changed,
sometimes using the shape of an object related to the topic. It is also
possible to play with text orientation, font, size, colors etc.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" tabindex="-1"></a>mywords <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> data <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">filter</span>(artist<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">&quot;nekfeu&quot;</span>) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb3-3"><a href="#cb3-3" tabindex="-1"></a>  dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">select</span>(word) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb3-4"><a href="#cb3-4" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">group_by</span>(word) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb3-5"><a href="#cb3-5" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">freq=</span><span class="fu">n</span>()) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb3-6"><a href="#cb3-6" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">arrange</span>(<span class="fu">desc</span>(freq)) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span></span>
<span id="cb3-7"><a href="#cb3-7" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="fu">head</span>(<span class="dv">200</span>)</span>
<span id="cb3-8"><a href="#cb3-8" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb3-9"><a href="#cb3-9" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Make the plot</span></span>
<span id="cb3-10"><a href="#cb3-10" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(webshot)</span>
<span id="cb3-11"><a href="#cb3-11" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#webshot::install_phantomjs()</span></span>
<span id="cb3-12"><a href="#cb3-12" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Make the graph</span></span>
<span id="cb3-13"><a href="#cb3-13" tabindex="-1"></a>my_graph<span class="ot">=</span><span class="fu">wordcloud2</span>(mywords,  <span class="at">size=</span><span class="fl">0.6</span>, <span class="at">shape =</span> <span class="st">&#39;star&#39;</span>, <span class="at">backgroundColor =</span> <span class="st">&quot;white&quot;</span>, <span class="at">color=</span><span class="st">&quot;#69b3a2&quot;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb3-14"><a href="#cb3-14" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(<span class="st">&quot;htmlwidgets&quot;</span>)</span>
<span id="cb3-15"><a href="#cb3-15" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">saveWidget</span>(my_graph,<span class="st">&quot;tmp.html&quot;</span>, <span class="at">selfcontained =</span> F)</span>
<span id="cb3-16"><a href="#cb3-16" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># and in png</span></span>
<span id="cb3-17"><a href="#cb3-17" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">webshot</span>(<span class="st">&quot;tmp.html&quot;</span>,<span class="st">&quot;IMG/fig_1.png&quot;</span>, <span class="at">delay =</span><span class="dv">5</span>, <span class="at">vwidth =</span> <span class="dv">700</span>, <span class="at">vheight=</span><span class="dv">700</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<br><br>
<center>
<img src="IMG/fig_1.png" alt="img" width="800" height="800">
</center>
<p><br><br></p>
</div>
<div id="mistake" class="section level1">
<h1>Common mistakes</h1>
<hr />
<ul>
<li>Building a wordcloud is a pitfall on its own, except if it is done
for aesthetic reasons.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="related" class="section level1">
<h1>Related</h1>
<hr />
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6 col-sm-6">
<a href="http://www.data-to-viz.com/graph/lollipop.html" class="btn btn-primary mybtnrelated" style="margin-bottom:4px;white-space: normal !important;">
<img  src="https://github.com/holtzy/data_to_viz/raw/master/img/section/LollipopSmall.png">
<p class="mytitlerelated">
Lollipop plot
</p>
<p class="mytextrelated">
A fancy barplot where bars are replaced with a dot and a segment. Try it
and adopt it.
</p>
</a>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6 col-sm-6">
<a href="http://www.data-to-viz.com/graph/barplot.html" class="btn btn-primary mybtnrelated" style="margin-bottom:4px;white-space: normal !important;">
<img  src="https://github.com/holtzy/data_to_viz/raw/master/img/section/BarSmall.png">
<p class="mytitlerelated">
Barplot
</p>
<p class="mytextrelated">
Represents the value of entities using bar of various length.
</p>
</a>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6 col-sm-6">
<a href="http://www.data-to-viz.com/graph/wordcloud.html" class="btn btn-primary mybtnrelated" style="margin-bottom:4px;white-space: normal !important;">
<img  src="https://github.com/holtzy/data_to_viz/raw/master/img/section/WordCloudSmall.png">
<p class="mytitlerelated">
Wordcloud
</p>
<p class="mytextrelated">
A visual representation of text data, where word size is relative to
their frequency.
</p>
</a>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6 col-sm-6">
<a href="http://www.data-to-viz.com/graph/venn.html" class="btn btn-primary mybtnrelated" style="margin-bottom:4px;white-space: normal !important;">
<img  src="https://github.com/holtzy/data_to_viz/raw/master/img/section/VennSmall.png">
<p class="mytitlerelated">
Venn diagram
</p>
<p class="mytextrelated">
Shows all possible logical relationships between a finite collection of
different sets
</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="code" class="section level1">
<h1>Build your own</h1>
<hr />
<p>The <a href="https://www.r-graph-gallery.com/wordcloud.html">R</a>,
<a href="https://www.python-graph-gallery.com/wordcloud/">Python</a>, <a
href="https://www.react-graph-gallery.com/wordcloud">React</a> and <a
href="https://d3-graph-gallery.com/wordcloud.html">D3</a> graph
galleries are 4 websites providing hundreds of chart example, always
providing the reproducible code. Click the button below to see how to
build the chart you need with your favorite programing language.</p>
<p>
<a href="https://www.r-graph-gallery.com/wordcloud.html" class="btn btn-primary">R
graph gallery</a>
<a href="https://python-graph-gallery.com/wordcloud/" class="btn btn-primary">Python
gallery</a>
<a href="https://www.react-graph-gallery.com/wordcloud" class="btn btn-primary">React
gallery</a>
<a href="https://d3-graph-gallery.com/wordcloud.html" class="btn btn-primary">D3
gallery</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>

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           &nbsp;
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<p style="text-align: center;">A work by <a href="https://www.yan-holtz.com/">Yan Holtz</a> for <a href="https://data-to-viz.com">data-to-viz.com</a></p>

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